Fast Food Is A Type Of Meal - 1892 Words

Fast food is a type of meal that is usually prepared and served very fast. The term first fast food was used for the first time in the 1950s in United States. Although any food that is prepared slowly can be called a fast food, this term is mostly used to describe food that is sold in restaurants or food stores that had precooking ingredients. Such as ingredients are usually prepared, packaged, and sold to customers as â€Å"take-away† products. Fast food outlets can include food booth or stands that do not have any shelter or seating spaces. Also, They can include fast food restaurants that have shelters, seating spaces and services offered through drive-through (Mushtaq 2). The fast food industry, which started as a business with few fast†¦show more content†¦According to The Heart Links Project (1), popular terms such as Burger King as well as the Big Mac burgers has become the most popular terms for defining foods in typical contemporary society diet. One of the m ost attractive characteristics of fast food is that it make eating more convenient as food can easily to get and eaten within a short period of time. This is because people do not need to travel for long distances to find fast food outlets as they can easily be found at any location within the market place, which makes it convenient to obtain a meal. The availability of fast food outlets has led to reduced fast food prices as individuals end up spending a small amount of money to get different types of fast food products. This is different from the traditional food preparation process, which take a lot of time, energy and resources to prepare a meal. Similarly, consumers, particularly students and working individuals do not have enough time to prepare food at home, which explains why they choose to go for fast food (Brindal 7). Despite these attractive characteristics, rapid availability of fast food is increasingly being linked to a major decline in healthy food choices. With milli ons of low-income populations relying on many several types of fast foods that are readily available in the neighborhoods, people have increasingly lacked

Spirits and Abraham Lincoln Letters to President...

In the late nineteenth century, American spiritualists maintained that Abraham Lincoln had been a spiritualist too. Whenever they drew up lists of prominent believers, Lincoln was foremost among the reformers, judges, governors, senators, and scientists whose stature lent credence to their movement. In this paper, I look at letters written to President Lincoln by spiritualists or about spiritualism, but it is not my aim to determine whether or not Lincoln was a spiritualist. Instead, I use these letters to reflect on spiritualism as a cultural phenomena. It captured the imaginations of many Americans in the years leading up to the Civil War, drawing them to sà ©ance rooms, to mediums, or to their family parlors to commune†¦show more content†¦I have drawn upon these ten letters, along with others by the same author or on related topics, for a total of about twenty letters. Spiritualism did not simply arise out of the blue and the letters to Lincoln reflect this. Although believers pointed to a specific event that inaugurated the dawn of â€Å"Modern Spiritualism†Ã¢â‚¬â€the infamous raps heard by the Fox sisters at Hydesville , New York , in 1848—spiritualism drew upon many precedents, particularly the traditions of clairvoyant somnambulism, mesmerism, and second sight. The earliest letters to Lincoln concerning spiritualism warn him of danger. An anonymous writer, one G. A., â€Å"A Wide Awake,† wrote from Cleveland in December, 1860, to warn Lincoln of a plot to murder him by poison upon his arrival in Washington D.C. G. A. wrote, as he explained it, because â€Å"as a good Republican, I deem it my duty, to communicate the following facts.† A young local girl, a somnambulist and clairvoyant, â€Å"not a Spiritualist† (he hastened to add), had requested his presence and then, while entranced, told o f the scheme. The clairvoyant girl had specifically requested G. A. to inform Lincoln . She supplied an antidote as well: should Lincoln feel ill, he must drink â€Å"hot milk in Large quantities† to foil the plot. Obviously uncomfortable with the new trend attributing predictions to spirits, G. A. assured Lincoln that â€Å"the undersigned is no Spiritualist,† but he vouched for â€Å"the absolute verity of manyShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages because it says right here in the encyclopedia that he was assassinated in Memphis in 1998. c. The Republican Party began back in the 1850s as a U.S. political party. Abraham Lincoln was their first candidate to win the presidency. d. I don’t believe you when you say Martin Luther King Jr. could have been elected president if he hadn’t been assassinated. Try to discipline yourself to read and answer these sample exercises before looking up the correct answer in the footnote below, and before

Self Healing Concrete Construction Industry

Question: Discuss about the Self Healing Concretefor Construction Industry. Answer: Introduction The topic of self-healing concrete is an innovation in the field of concrete structures that are mostly used in the construction industry. It can be said that the self-healing concrete is responsible for solving many issues in the construction industry in the perspective of the construction of the structure of the bridges to the foundation of the buildings. Traditional concrete has many flaws regarding to crack that will subject to tension. There are different healing mechanisms of concrete can heal small cracks by its autogenously healing capacity. However, it can be said that with the use of modern technology the standards of construction has reached to a new level. The innovation of self-healing concrete has helped in increasing the life of the buildings in terms of leaks, bending and cracks. The purpose statement of the innovation is the effective utilization of the innovation concept in the construction industry by the engineers with effective utilization of technology. Function of Innovation The function of innovation of self-healing concrete is based on using bacteria to extend the life of the constructions of different architectures. The material is also known as bio-concrete which can self-heal. The bacteria that are used in the cement mixture are either Sporosarcina pasteurii or Bacillus pseudofirmus. It is found that these bacteria can sustain for a long time without food and oxygen. These bacteria can stagger up to 200 years. They becomes dormant at this stage and with the contact of water they use calcium lactate for their food in order to produce limestone that closes the cracks (Van Stappen et al., 2016). Advantage of Innovation There are many advantages of the innovation of the self-healing concrete in the construction industry. They are described in the following: This formula is a scientifically explainable, well known healing process of small cracks in the concrete. Ample amount of knowledge and concepts of the on the agents using the different types of mechanisms of the self-healing concrete through different literatures should be gained. It is considered as a better control cement and self-healing concrete that is working as a compatible healing agent (Van Belleghem et al., 2016). The costs of the elements are relevantly less than different types of epoxy-based agents. The most important advantage of the innovation of self-healing concrete is the longer lifespan of the various structures and buildings along with minimized repairing of the concrete. The healing capacity of the concrete and the recovery system of the mechanical properties of the concrete are very high (Zhang et al., 2016). The aspect of multiple healing can be done using the concrete in the same site that is being damaged. The self-healing concrete will help in self-repairing of the cracks without any types of external aide. Flexural strength as well as compressive strength increases significantly when compared to normal concrete. The concrete has a resistance towards various freeze thaw attacks. The self-healing concrete has the power of reduction in the permeability of concrete. The reduction in the corrosion of the steel that has been occurring due to formation of cracks eventually improves the durability of the steel that reinforced the concrete. The most important aspect of using the Bacillus bacteria is that they do not cause any harm to the human life. Hence, it can be used effectively and efficiently (Zhu et al., 2015). Drawbacks of the Innovation Apart from having many advantages of self-healing concrete, there are many drawbacks of this innovation faced by the users of this concrete in the practical field of work. However, it can be said that the main disadvantage of using this process in the concrete. The disadvantages of the innovation of self-healing concrete are discussed below. The main aspect of disadvantage of bacterial self-healing concrete is the cost. It is pointed out that the cost of the bacterial concrete is almost double than the conventional concrete. The growth of the bacteria used in the self-healing concrete does not thrive well in all types of atmosphere and in any types of media. Therefore, the process of healing of the cracks in different temperatures varies (Tang, Kardani Cui, 2015). The clay pallet that holds the self-healing agent of the concrete sometimes is considered as a fault zone or shear zone in the cement mix. However, it can be said that the clay pellets consists of almost 20% in the volume of the concrete. The clay is very much weaker than the normal concrete. Hence, the strength of the cement gets reduced in terms of compressive strength (Silva et al., 2016). The percentage of clay can be a problem to the construction of high rise buildings as these buildings requires high compressive strength concrete. The design of the concrete mix with the different forms of bacteria is not available in all parts of the world. The process of investigation of the calcite precipitate is very much costly. The installation of a vascular network system is very difficult while casting concrete. In passive vascular network, sometimes the healing agent is released in an inefficient manner. Loss of mechanical properties in the concrete is possible (Van Belleghem et al., 2016). Conclusion and Recommendations The above study focuses on the different aspects of the innovation of self-healing concrete in the society. The function of the innovation in the society works has a vast impact in the construction industry. However, there are also many drawbacks in the implementation of the process in the practical scenario. The mechanisms of implementing the concept of self-healing concrete by the engineers of the construction industry are described in details. Based on the drawbacks of the innovation of the self-healing concrete, the recommendations are provided so that the concrete mix can be used and widely available in different parts of the world. The cost of the concrete must be reduced so that it can be availed by most of the builders. Secondly, technologies are to be used so that the percentage of clay can be reduced while increasing the compressive strength of the cement. Innovations are to be done in the proper utilization of the bacteria in the concrete mix at all types of temperatures so that the effectiveness remains the same (Dong et al., 2014). References Dong, B., Wang, Y., Ding, W., Li, S., Han, N., Xing, F., Lu, Y. (2014). Electrochemical impedance study on steel corrosion in the simulated concrete system with a novel self-healing microcapsule.Construction and Building Materials,56, 1-6. Silva, F. B., Boon, N., De Belie, N., Verstraete, W. (2015). Industrial application of biological self-healing concrete: challenges and economical feasibility.Journal of Commercial Biotechnology,21(1). Tan, N. P. B., Keung, L. H., Choi, W. H., Lam, W. C., Leung, H. N. (2016). Silica?based self?healing microcapsules for self?repair in concrete.Journal of Applied Polymer Science,133(12). Tang, W., Kardani, O., Cui, H. (2015). Robust evaluation of self-healing efficiency in cementitious materialsa review.Construction and Building Materials,81, 233-247. Van Belleghem, B., Van den Heede, P., Van Tittelboom, K., De Belie, N. (2016). Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete.Materials,10(1), 5. Van Stappen, J., Bultreys, T., Gilabert, F. A., Hillewaere, X. K., Gmez, D. G., Van Tittelboom, K. Cnudde, V. (2016). The microstructure of capsule containing self-healing materials: A micro-computed tomography study.Materials Characterization,119, 99-109. Zhang, J. L., Wu, R. S., Li, Y. M., Zhong, J. Y., Deng, X., Liu, B., Xing, F. (2016). Screening of bacteria for self-healing of concrete cracks and optimization of the microbial calcium precipitation process.Applied microbiology and biotechnology,100(15), 6661-6670. Zhu, H., Zhou, S., Yan, Z., Ju, J. W., Chen, Q. (2015). A two-dimensional micromechanical damage-healing model on microcrack-induced damage for microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composites under tensile loading.International Journal of Damage Mechanics,24(1), 95-115.

Consolidated Financial Statement

Question: Discuss about the Consolidated Financial Statement. Answer: Consolidated Financial Statements Below are the Good Ltd and Man Ltd consolidated financial statements. Since the two entities, showing consolidated financial statements is required. Based on conventionally accepted accounting standards, financial statement must be combined where the other entity owns over 50%. The combined is the Consolidated Financial Statement. Here, the crossed entries are excluded because they have no impacts. Consolidated Income Statement For the period ended 30th June 2016 INCOME STATEMENTS PARTICULARS AMOUNT ($) Sales revenue 4,084,000 Cost of goods sold 2,708,000 Gross profit 1,376,000 Other income Management fee revenue 0 Dividend revenue 297,600 Expenses 0 Depreciation expense (325,200) Management fee expense 0 Loss on sale of plant (140,000) Write down of investment in subsidiary (100,000) Other expenses (1,190,400) Profit before tax (82,000) Income tax expense (162,600) Profit for the year after tax (244,600) Retained earnings at start of year 724,900 Dividend paid/declared (645,600) Retained earnings at year end (165,300) For consolidated Income statement, Income Statement date is consolidated while excluding Inter transaction entries which gives the actual profit for the whole entity. Consolidated Balance Sheet For the period ended 30th June 2016 BALANCE SHEET PARTICULARS AMOUNT ($) Equity Share capital 1,138,000 Retained earnings (165,300) Current Liabilities Accounts payable 1,327,000 Income tax payable 165,200 Dividends payable 100,000 Non-Current Liabilities Loans 753,500 Deferred tax liability 21,400 3,339,800 Current Assets Cash 123,200 Accounts receivable 421,000 Allowance for doubtful debts (22,400) Dividends receivable 84,400 Inventory 214,800 Non-Current Assets Loan receivable 0 Land and buildings 1,304,300 Plant - at cost 1,612,700 Accumulated depreciation - plant (898,200) Investment in Man Ltd 500,000 3,339,800 WORKINGS: Particulars GOOD Ltd MAN Ltd Total Marked Up Cost Marked Up Cost Opening Inventories 168,000 120,000 21,000 15,000 Purchases 200,000 160,000 280,000 224,000 368,000 280,000 301,000 239,000 Sales 280,000 224,000 200,000 160,000 Mark Up Value 56,000 40,000 96,000 Analysis on Acquistion On June 30th 2010, the Man Ltd was acquired by the Good Ltd through acquisition of 100% issued share capital. The Man Ltd became the Good Ltd.s wholly owned subsidiary from the acquisition date. Consolidated statements along with statements of subsidiaries are essential for true and fair presentation of financial statements to the public. Accordingly, the Good Ltd is accountable to showcase the consolidated financial statement along with those of Man Ltd. Many entries are removed in the financial statements since they are useless because transaction lies with subsidiary company. Consolidation: It describes the procedure for combining and showing both subsidiary and parent companys financial statements as though a single firm. It makes users to clearly analyze and comprehend the position of company financially. They can also analyze companys investment based on financial position along with capabilities. Thus providing returns and benefits of subsidiary to parent one. Consolidated Income Statement It represents and reports parent companys expenses and incomes alongside those of subsidiary. It becomes inflated and bulky because of items combination. It allows investors to gauge the companys true performance, investments and interest. Income and expenses items are eliminated from it where an income of an entity is anothers expense. Consolidated Balance Sheet It denotes and reports companys position financially besides subsidiaries. It helps users to comprehend companys collective standings. Certain receivables and payables items are excluded as inter dues. Consolidation Aspect Goodwill It is intangible asset acknowledged solely at purchase event and generates revenues in future. It is unaccounted for in books of account because of self-development. It is impaired from accounts where evidence for further incomes is lacking. When recognized, its impairment charge produces partial income generated if it were impaired fully. IAS disallows impairment loss reversals recognized linked to goodwill. Good Ltd.s Board of Directors lacks power to revalue already completely impaired acquired goodwill upwards by 100,000 dollars. Good Ltd.s management errored in opinion and move to surge goodwill on Man Ltd returned to profitability fast completely unanticipated. Goodwill recognized solely when purchased. It becomes additional amount paid as purchase consideration of net asset value. Where purchase consideration is less relative to net assets, same will be recognized as capital reserve. Control in Accounting Environment: Accounting is essential for business. Business operations depend on companys business model. Companies financial are business blood. It is necessary to control companys accounting records to recognize outcomes through useful internal control. Control help acknowledge deficiencies existing in business process. Business process run smoothly with Internal Financial Control by managing fund flow based on IT resources. Control helps mitigate risks in business by minimizing risks to tolerable levels hence maximized results. High results means tolerable risk levels hence control brings business smooth running. Business Model (BM) in Integrated Reporting BM is central to organization linked with other aspects thereby dictating functionality. BM helps transform inputs into outputs via business process activities thereby creating and developing value. BMs inputs include funds, resources, human and technology while service or product describe outputs. BM covers many internal and external environmental factors dictating BMs performance. Based on missions, visions and operations analysis reveal organizational risks and opportunities. Formulating strategies and plans help effectively use such opportunities for risk elimination. Consideration: INPUTS-The primary factors useful for business process model and dictate entitys capabilities for value creation. Financial Capital-Key input which entails funds required for operating activities. It encompass debt, equity, working capital arrangement besides received grants model. Intellectual Inputs-Works towards users value-creation and regards copyrights, patents besides other IPs. Human Resources (HR)-Primary element in BM to complement machines by operating and monitoring. HR entails skilled workforce, qualified officers and experienced staff to work and monitor and remain BMs active component. Raw Materials-Primary substances used in manufacturing process of final service/products. All arranged funds, invested in machines, trained HR and acquired IP are waste and useful without raw materials. OUTPUTS-Final product/service of entire process that is of greater value and societal useful. BUSINESS ACTIVITY-an activity to transform inputs into output through resources and machines such as product-manufacturing in plants. References: Ideas, n. d., Does the Control-based Approach to Consolidated Statements Better Reflect Market Value than the Ownership-based Approach, [online], Available on https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/accoun/v47y2012i2p198-225.html, Accessed on 27th Jan 2017. International Federation of accounts, n. d., Business Models in Integrated Reportinglearning from the Pioneers, [online], Available at https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/business-models-integrated-reporting-learning, Accessed on 27th Jan 2017. Investopedia, n. d., Goodwill Impairment, [online], Available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/goodwill-impairment.asp, Accessed on 27th Jan 2017. ACCA, n.d., THE CONTROL ENVIRONMENT OF A COMPANY, [Online], Available at https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/the-control-environment-of-a-company.html [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Accounting Concern, n.d., Control Environment, [Online], Available at https://www.accountingconcern.com/accounting-dictionary/control-environment/ [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Investopedia, n.d., Consolidation, [Online], Available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consolidation.asp [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Merriam Webstar, n.d., Consolidation, [Online], Available at https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/consolidation [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Business Dictionery, n.d., Consolidation, [Online], Available at https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/consolidation.html [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Investopedia, n.d., Consolidated Financial Statement, [Online], Available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consolidatedfinancialstatement.asp [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Accounting Coach, n.d, What are consolidated financial statement, [Online], Available at https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/consolidated-financial-statements [Accessed on 27/01/2017] Accounting Web, 2009, The Key to an Entity's Control Environment, [Online], Available at https://www.accountingweb.com/community-voice/blogs/admin/the-key-to-an-entitys-control-environment [Accessed on 27/01/2017] G Drana, n.d., What Are Internal Accounting Controls?, [Online], Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-accounting-controls-3809.html [Accessed on 27/01/2017]