Information Systems Management & Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Systems Management & Quality - Essay Example This report and the involved case study incorporate computer and information technology plus their application into government projects. The main points of focus are the ability of computer systems to operate effectively when employed on relevant scenarios. The evident exposition here is the failure of the specified projects. Their failures have been attributed to by several issues ranging from technology to management and both. Moreover the National Audit Office has a number of stipulations in its desire for elimination of central government wastage or overspending and improvement of success rates of the projects (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). In the past, the government has succumbed significantly due to the consequences of unproductive plans that have been deficient of the ability to progress. Considering their progressions, it implies that the projects might have not been capable of delivering as per the expectations of their initial aims (Khosrowpour 2006). Similarly, the inabi lity to succeed might also lie on the projects tendency of accruing losses. In this case the latter is more significant for considerations since both of the selected case studies have the basic facet. The case studies selected for analysis are the independent learning accounts and the pathway. Comprehensively, the independent learning accounts incorporate a scenario that led to the loss of ?97 million whilst the pathway associated a loss of 1 billion Euros. In this instance, the citation convinces the logic of seeking an appropriate means of curbing the situation that might transpire into such losses both presently and in the future (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). The Independent Learning Accounts Let us assess the specific instances of the projects. First, the independent learning accounts and as a government project. This was the 2001 system offering adults ?150 for educational use was abandoned after fraudsters coined millions in fake applications. The independent learning accoun ts were a system designed to offer adults funds for educational reasons (Schwalbe 2010). In this case, the system failed when the fraudsters succeeded in compromising its effectiveness and obtain benefits from it leading to the government loss. However, this project was chosen since it involves the loss of money from external fraudsters who depends on their skills for malicious gains (NAO 2012). This is the main point for the projects preference since it outlines the major point of scenario that the fraudsters use currently in obtaining benefits they do not merit from genuine projects. This problem is rampant virtually in all situation organizations and by attaining its remedy would assist in resolving other related problems in other scenarios. Management Issues Concerning the management issues leading to the failure of projects, there was poor testing in the case of independent learning accounts project. It is imperative to understand that the project developers and the experts per form series of testing processes of the project (Khosrowpour 1999). The tests are aimed at determining the flaws and formulating technical means of curbing them. In this case technology is the main consideration and the security of a system is imperative for contemplation. According to Madeley (1991), security has to be tested in all perspectives because the system is conveyed via the network and usually users would try the effectiveness of the system as well as detection and blockage of security

Education in African Americans Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Education in African Americans Community - Essay Example The issue of education in African American communities has often found its way into public and scholarly debates in equal measure. This has come as a result of the agreeable lower quality and less appreciation of education in these communities as compared to areas occupied by the whites. The situation is one largely resulting from historical factors as well as continued neglect. All the same, continued interest can only boost the current situation. Hopefully, in the next decade the situation will be much better and quality as well as appreciation will have reached peak levels. To help in the inquiry and analysis of the current situation of education in the African American communities this study utilizes the Burke’s Dramastic Pentadic Criticism. This is a five stage approach which examines five aspect of a narration or situation these five are agent, act, agency, scene and purpose.African Americans are one of the most academically disadvantaged people marked by low literacy ac hievement. This is irrespective of the fact that African Americans are the subject of continuous focus in literacy based studies in United States. The current state of African Americans education is mainly due to historical factors which enforced segregation. This meant that discrimination against these individuals was officially recognized and enforced by the state government. This hindered equality in the social circles and this permeated through to the education sector (Belgrave, 2009). The greatest challenge for the African Americans was that they were historically considered slaves. This meant they had very few rights and education was not obviously one of the rights. In the absence of education, some few religious set ups realized that this was largely promoting inequality and sought to act. This was by availing education opportunities, at the forefront was the French Catholics in Louisiana in 1600s and Quakers in the 1700s, these were largely based in Pennsylvania. Such local ized approaches meant that education opportunities could not be holistically provided to all African Americans especially those living in other states (Taylor & Philips, 2005). The situation would be worsened by state governments which refused to grant equal education opportunities to their black population irrespective of whether they were free or not. The injustices directed to the African Americans in terms of education would later remain unaddressed for so long that they were generally accepted by the policymakers. A slight change came after the Civil War where most Blacks achieved some form of freedom and continually became aware of their entitlement to education amongst other rights (Murrell, 2002). However, marked improvement would only be registered in the 20th Century following political activism and civil activism led by such distinguished leaders as Martin Luther King Jr. Such activism brought to the limelight the great injustices and the continued segregation of the blac k community. However, it was still impossible to address the historical injustices (Morris & Morris, 1999). Besides, most African Americans had already formed a notion that education was not for them and they were resigned to disadvantaged positions and hard and dangerous street lives. Literature review The above discussion offers a brief synopsis of the historical factors that have contributed to the current dire situation of education among African Americans. This is irrespective of the marked improvement that has taken place in the past half a century or so. This study seeks to provide a rhetorical criticism of education in the African American Community as represented by the discussed factors amongst other emerging issues characterizing the same. The rationale for this criticism is as presented by Kenneth Burke under, Burke’s Dramastic Pentadic Criticism

Phones a Blessing or a Curse Essay Example for Free

Phones a Blessing or a Curse Essay Technology plays a significant role in our daily lives; technology has without a doubt, made our lives very easy for us. Technology, along with its unlimited advantages also has a lot of disadvantages. Technology is a gift to ourselves so that we can live our lives more comfortably but many people tend to abuse this gift for their own pleasure or personal gain. Cell Phone is one such device that has made our life so easy that we cannot even think of a world without it. This electronic device has multiple uses and functions. It has become an important part and parcel of our life. Without cell phones we usually feel incomplete. Trendy and stylish cell phones have become a part of fashion now days. It has now become a multi-utility device, and not just remain a communication device. see more:essay on mobile phone advantages and disadvantages wikipedia Uses of cell phones: †¢ Mobile phones are the most convenient and fastest means of communication. You can call anyone from anywhere and anytime. †¢ It is a great source of entertainment also. We can play games, listen to music, talk to your friends, send messages, and so on when we get bored. †¢ It can be used for capturing and storing important information. †¢ It can function as a radio. We can listen to music while driving and traveling. †¢ Mobiles can replace watches to check the time and alarm clocks that wakes us up. †¢ Our voice can also be recorded in our mobiles. †¢ It can be used as a torch when the light goes. †¢ Mobiles with cameras are used to take photos and making videos. We can also freeze our memorable moments. †¢ Mobiles also have calendars to check days and dates. †¢ We can download our favorite songs, wallpapers, ring tones, and movies in our mobile. †¢ If we lost the way, we can use our mobile and call for help. †¢ Use mobile phones in place of paper and pen. This saves paper, which in turn saves trees. †¢ Mobile phones having the facility of calculator help to do mental calculations.

Marketing Plan and Analysis of Shaving Cream

Marketing Plan and Analysis of Shaving Cream The shaving cream Introduction :- Shaving cream is a substance that is applied to the face or wherever else hair grows, to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving. Shaving cream is often bought in a spray can, but can also be purchased in tubs or tubes. Shaving cream in a can is commonly dispensed as a foam or a gel. Creams that are in tubes or tubs are commonly used with a shaving brush to produce a rich lather The cream itself commonly consists of a mixture of oil, soaps, surfactants, and water or alcohol, manufactured under carefully controlled conditions to ensure proper pH and consistency. Introduction to topic:- In this term paper my topic is shaving cream. In this I prepare the IMC plan for the shaving cream and analysis various competitors and develop various strategies to promote this brand. Various steps taken by me to promote by product are shown below:- Situational analysis. Determine opportunity. Determining communication objectives. Decide about budget. Develop IMC strategies to promote my product. Vision of the company The companys vision is to build total brand value by innovating to deliver consumer value and customer relationship faster, better and more effectively than its competitors. This vision statement has led to the development and introduction of various newer products especially in male division and adoption of a more customer oriented approach. Provide better quality products with affordable prices. Basic strategies of AYRULITTE:- Innovate. Heavy promotions and advertising. Brand extensions. Launching innovative and superior products. Events Sponsorship (cricket, soccer, tennis) IMC plan:- (Integrated Marketing Communication) IMC has become a very popular trend at present time. It is a management concept that brings together all the tools of marketing communication to send consistent message to target audience. Consumers wants and needs should be the main focus of the program. Steps comes under IMC planning Situational Analysis:- Before launching our product we have need to collect some information about the current market situation means what trend is going on in the market and what is preference of the customers at present their taste etc. Situational analysis provides a history of the IMC functions and an assessment of the environment. Several factors must be considered in the situational analysis. The company or organization for which the IMC plan is being created must be analyzed. The environment in which this organization operates must be understood and detailed. A market and consumer behavior analysis must be completed. Further, you must understand the competitors. External Environment analysis:- In which we analysis about the polices of Government for launching this product. In which analysis that The Governments continued focus on liberalization; trade friendly policies and improvement in infrastructure have resulted in a steady inflow of global investments into the Indian market which has again resulted in higher income levels due to increased employment opportunities and sustained economic boom. Thus, it can be said that due to higher income elasticity of demand, demand for personal grooming products are expected to grow at a rate higher than the rise in income levels of people. However, since the market is still driven largely by price and not quality (typically in rural markets and smaller towns), consumers might not value the potential benefit of paying higher prices for better and safer products. Competitors Analysis:- As i am introducing new brand of shaving cream so it is very necessary for me to collect the information about my competitors and about their products and their competitive strategies .so major competitors in this sector are shown below. Competitors analysis COLGATE PALMOLIVE : Colgate-Palmolive has three products in the shaving cream/gel/foam segment. Palmolive shaving creams are enriched with revitalizing sea minerals, this rich formula refreshes skin and protects against razor irritation. They are formulated with soothing Aloe-Vera, this rich foam is mild on skin and helps guard against irritation. One variant is a creamy formula featuring palm extract to hydrate and moisturize skin. This cream in a long thin tube is very easy to use. As you just put onto your face and use your shaver and it will get all your stubbles of your face leaving it nice and smooth The Price of each of these products is mentioned with size of the pack in the table below GODREJ:- Godrej is the domestic brand of shaving cream for Indian market. Recently Godrej has invested heavily for the expansion in this market. They have bought a shaving cream manufacturing and marketing company in South Africa and are looking forward to some other alliances for the presence in global market. The shaving cream from Godrej is among the lowest priced shaving cream in the market. It is targeting the price sensitive customer in the Indian market. But the quality of the product is satisfactory in spite of its near about half the price than its competitors. Although, variants are few in terms of size, fragrance and packaging, it is still in the shopping list of many consumers. Godrej is a domestic brand of shaving cream and now it is looking to expand in the global. Audience situation Before launching any product we have analysis who are our customers and other factors like their income criteria as my product is my product is shaving cream. we are focusing on every class people, so, we will be providing services on the basis of their status. Each class people have their own way of living according to their income . so we will provide services according their income, taste, preference. Product situation:- Involves what is the quality of our product and product benefits to the customers, why peoples buy this product. Following steps comes under it. Quality of the product is very important factor for customer it over comes the problem why they buy this shaving cream so we maintain the quality of the shaving cream according to the set standards of the government and we are provide superior quality product at affordable prices. Packaging another point for tapping the customer is to design the out look(packing) of the product in this way customer attract towards it. This is clear from the AYRULITTE after shave packing SWOT ANALYSIS:- Strength Better quality Special formulation Affordable price Effective promotion strategy weakness New in market. Poor distribution challenge. Mainly focused on youth. Opportunity:- Large market High growth Constant demand Can be produce various related product aftershave Threats Tough competition from market leaders Bargaining power of suppliers New entrance Large number of substitute products available Determine a problem or opportunity: After situational analysis next step is to identify the problem or opportunities concerning communications To understand the buying intention of shaving cream and foam users and analyze the effect of non-attribute factors. To understand the brand loyalty of customers towards shaving cream/foam/gel Identify the parameters that play the most important role in a consumers choice of buying shaving cream/gel. Main objective for determine opportunity:- What is the inter-brand recall of shaving cream/gel/foam brands and their existing image in the consumers mind? What is the effect of non-attribute factors on the purchasing decision of shaving gel/foam? How strong is the brand loyalty of customers towards shaving cream/gel/foam? What are the factors that play the most important role in a consumers choice of buying shaving cream/gel/foam? Determine the communication objectives Communication objectives flow from marketing objectives. As we are new entrant in the market there for my main communication objectives are shown below. To aware peoples about over the new brand giving better quality products with reasonable prices. Creating image in the mind of the customers by using proper media. (Advertising, news paper) Sales promotion. Budget analysis:- The very important step for a company is to prepare a budget to estimate about their expenses and how much cost we are incur in which involves all the expenses on advertisement to promote the product. I have plan to invest Rs. 20cr. And its detail showed below. Promotion IMC strategies:- After deciding about Budget we have to plan how our message is convey to the target audience for that we have to follow certain things like Target audience: means to whom this product is target for that firstly we have to analysis about Market segmentation, Targeting, Positioning (STP) Segmentation:- Market segmentation is the process of dividing a total market into market groups consisting of people who have relative similar product needs, there are clusters of needs. The method of identifying a group of consumers, within abrader market, that has similar characteristics and needs. Segments can be identified by examining demographic Psychographic, and behavioral differences. In the shaving cream market there exist different categories of customers who have different needs and are willing to pay different amount for the product that meets their demand. Introduction of shaving cream would help AYRULITTE identify the needs of the customers and take advantage of the segment which has not yet been targeted by the company. Price sensitivity, importance of attributes, point of purchase decision makers and customers influenced by additional features are the factors on which we will segment the shaving cream market. Market segmentation according to geographical areas. The population of the country is segmented into three parts which are urban, sub urban and rural area consumers. The company further differentiate the geographical segments according to Socio Economic Cluster (SEC) i.e. education and Income. Targeting:- Targeting means to which segment we are targeting means in segmentation we are divide market into different categories out of these to segment this shaving cream focus. The target market has been identified as the customers who are concerned about the attributes of the shaving cream but are not willing to shift from the current price band to a higher price band As we know urban and sub urban middle class and rural poor people are the largest part of Indian population. Acc. To a research in India reveals that urban rich people are more likely to buy imported and expensive products. Moreover rural poor people tend to buy cheap products even without evaluating its quality. However urban and sub urban upper middle and middle class people tend to buy affordable and quality products. AYRULITTE shaving cream is not a highly expensive but an affordable product. That is why the company targets urban and sub urban upper middle and middle class people who are the second highest population of segment of the country. Positioning:- Positioning refers to how customers think about proposed and/or present brands in a market. In which we analysis how customers thinks about offerings in the market. As we are new entrant in this sector there is intense competition provide by competitors so For creating good position in the buyers mind through better product attributes, price and quality, offering the product in a different way than the competitors do. The company offers improved quality of products in the industry at an affordable price with high branding, which ultimately helps to position the product in the buyers mind as the best quality shaving creams. A great positioning strategy adapted by AYRULITTE shaving cream reference to its packaging, fragrances and product designing. For men having AYRULITTE image. Mainly focus on youth. In saloons hairdressers So we can say that positioning means creating image in the mind of the customer. Thats why at first we analysis the market and after that apply positioning strategy. As shown below firstly we have to prepare Marketing plan and set marketing objective and strategies. The IMC model consists with marketing Mix elements communication mix elements. MARKETING MIX:- As shown above in IMC model integrated marketing consists with the 4 marketing mix elements which are also known as 4ps of marketing these are shown below. Product Price Place Promotion PRODUCT :- Involve various products in which company deals AYRULITTE has a range of shaving products for different types of skins and user requirements. AYRULITTE is manufactured by imported raw materials like sodium soap, glycerol and different extracts according to flavors. Taking into account the convenience of its customers, the company manufactures all flavors of shaving cream in three different sizes, 40gm, 80gm and 120gm. PRODUCT RANGE:- Shaving cream Shave gel Foam After shave cooling gel After-shave balm splash Price :- Price is main thing which we have to decide to for tapping our customer we have affordable pricing strategy at which every segment of the population by it. Prices of the products are set according to the competitors. AYRULITTE has 6 product variants of shaving gel/foam for the Indian market. PLACE: Place refers to the distribution network from where customers buy these products. The distribution network of AYRULITTE is very robust. The distribution network is a combination of own network and that of a franchisee from the customers buy the products. The distribution network follows a hub .The hubs are the 20 cities. These cities are managed by the exclusive distributors in those cities. Every city has only one franchisee distributor. Each franchisee distributor has his own set of employees working for him. The distributor also manages his own fleet costs to supply to the retailers. Distribution Distribution Network:- PROMOTION:- As we know promotion is the main part for the success of any company so I am mainly focus on this part AYRULITTE has extensive promotion campaign for the Indian market. Promotion may be defined as the co-ordination of all seller initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion to facilitate the scale of a good or service. Promotion is most often intended to be a supporting component in a marketing mix. Promotion decision must be integrated and co-ordinate with the rest of the marketing mix, particularly product/brand decisions, so that it may Effectively support an entire marketing mix strategy. The promotion mix consists of four basic elements. They are:- Advertising Personal Selling Sales Promotion, and Publicity Advertising is the paid form of promotion Advertisement is a mass communicating of information Newspapers and magazines. On radio and television broadcasts Direct mail Web site. By sponsorship. ADVERTISEMENT ON TV:- The advertisement that I have chosen is AYRULITTE shaving cream It urges its customers to look thought the practical, easy and confident usage of product. The copy itself says the very imp moments .i.e. Marriage play imp role and anybody would want it to happen without any hassle. The usage of product which is hassle free and very convenient conveyed thought this commercial very effectively with the help of little humor in to it. Any common man can identify connect himself with message and the way its been presented to him. Other strategies Push Approach: We would offer pack 5 razors with AYRULITTE Shaving Cream (Priced at Rs 50) weight 80gm. This strategy helps to take intention of the customer towards the products. And with help of this we will create brand image in the mind of the customers. Pull Approach: Our advertisement has to entice the target consumer the aspiring consumer who comes from the middle and lower middle class and gives importance to attributes but is also price sensitive. Our target consumer is widespread throughout the country- rural, urban. From over advertisement we show this will helps us to enhance awareness of over product through out the country.

Democracy is NOT Right for All Nations Essay -- Politics Government

Is Democracy the Right Thing For All Nations? No, Democracy is Not Right For All Nations. Merriam-Webster defines the word Democracy as a government by the people, rule of the majority, a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. It is a government designed for the peoples choice for their ruling of themselves and others within their community or even nation over political, economic, and matters for the well being of their survival. A democracy is a great thing that can be perfected with a perfect nation, unfortunately a perfect nation is as hard to build and come by as a banana slug's climb is up the 1,860 steps of the Empire State Building in New York City. Democracy is not the best form of government for all nations. Nations can be divided into two separate categories when it comes to economically balanced countries, first-world countries and third-world countries. In a first-world country, such as the United States of America(democracy), Canada, Great Britain, and most of modern-day Europe, the country is "successful" in its attempts to survive with profitable results in keeping their countrymen without famine, wide-spread disease, and poverty by exporting more goods then they import and by having a governmental system that works for the people by means of the government looking out for them and having the welfare of people in mind. In a third-world country the economy is underdeveloped and basically has no where to go but up in that sense. These countries are poverty stricken, disease ridden, environmentally depleted, and full of war and violence deep within itself a... ... people things that sound unimaginable to them and will most likely get elected for it just so they could win with the race with the steroids of lies and deceit. Democracy is not a just thing for a nation like this. Our democratic society has reached a level of advancement in society, economy, and technology where we hold a standard to even the most basic things so how can a nation that would see a value meal from McDonalds as a 5-Star dinner survive under the same democracy we do? Democracy is a great thing and freedom, not even a question, but not all nations have the ability to use it, understand it, and fully reap its benefits. A democratic nation needs to have the knowledge to comprehend its economic problems and their solutions and the strength keep a firm hold of itself with the help of its people and as of know, not all nations are capable of doing that.

Hawaiis political economy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawaii’s political economy went through some major changes. The development of plantations and tourism paved the path for how Hawaii’s economy is today. I will discuss how tourism, ethnicity, gender and education both constrain and enable opportunities in contemporary Hawaii.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captain James Cook and his crew came to Hawaii in 1778. Bringing along many diseases such as, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis.(Blaisdell, p.44) Native Hawaiians were not immune to these diseases, they were unable to be cured therefore died and a massive depopulation occurred. An estimated 500,000 Hawaiians were living in Hawaii before Western Contact, and in 1878 less than 45,000 Hawaiians remained.(Trask, p.10). With the rapid decrease of Hawaiians, also came the fact that their culture was in danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Foreign exploitation began, when Cook replaced the traditional island subsistence-sharing economy by the for-profit barter and afterward the money economy. Firearms, and sandalwood lumbering where just a few items that brought foreign economic and political control of the ruling ali’i, who were tricked by many greedy Western merchants. The Great Mahele of 1848 and the Kuleana Act of 1850 contained a major land redistribution act, which was forced onto the monarchy by Westerners(Blaisdell, p.44). Bringing fee simple ownership to Hawaiians, these land divisions actually alienated the land from them. The Mahele divided the lands between the chiefs, king and government. The Kuleana act supposedly guaranteed to the makaainana fee simple title to small plots of land, which would eventually separate the individual from the group. (Trask, p.10) Hawaiians depended on the land, they were not use to â€Å"private property†, which led to many problems, and the c hiefs and the government were heavily indebt to the Western merchants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A small company of thirty-four New England missionaries came to Hawaii between 1820 and 1930, were the first modern immigrants. (Lind p.59) Missionaries were powerful agents of cultural destruction, coming to Hawaii to settle and teach their ways and beliefs. Bloodthirsty priests and despotic chiefs had ruled one reason for missionaries arriving and settling in Hawaii, due to the fact that they believed ancient Hawaiians. (Trask p.14) Bringing along cultural havoc by establishing a western style educational system, which included the first textbook as the Bible. The most critical change was in the use of language as a tool of colonization. Language had once been inseparable from the Hawaiians and their history by communicating their heritage between and among many generations, now came to be used as the very vehicle of alienation from their habits of life.

Financial Performance and Bank Efficiency: Comparison Between Conventional Banks and Sharia Banks Essay

This study aims to compare the financial performance and bank efficiency between conventional banks and sharia banks in Indonesia in the period of 2008-2011 by using financial ratios to measure the financial performance, as well as SFA (Stochastic Frontier Approach) to the measure bank efficiency. Financial ratios that are used are consisted of CAR, NPL, ROA, ROE, and LDR. Meanwhile variables that are used to measure the efficiency are receivables, placements with Bank Indonesia and other banks, third-party funds, and issued capital and fully paid capital. The samples consist of 11 conventional banks and 11 sharia banks. T-test is conducted to determine whether there is any significant difference in financial performance between sharia Banks and conventional Banks. The results of hypothesis testing and multiple regression analysis indicate that there are significant differences of CAR, ROA, ROE, profit efficiency between conventional banks and sharia banks. Keywords: financial perfor mance, bank efficiency, SFA, conventional banks, sharia bank. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan kinerja keuangan serta efisiensi Bank Umum Konvensional dan Bank Umum Sharia di Indonesia pada periode 2008-2011 dengan menggunakan rasio keuangan untuk mengukur kinerja keuangan, serta SFA (Stochastic Frontier Approach) untuk mengukur efisiensi bank. Rasio keuangan yang digunakan terdiri dari CAR, NPL, ROA, ROE, dan LDR. Sedangkan variable untuk mengukur efisiensi laba diantaranya Pembiayaan yang diberikan, Penempatan pada Bank Indonesia dan bank lainnya, Dana pihak ketiga, dan Modal yang disetor dan dibayar penuh. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 11 Bank Konvensional dan 11 Bank Sharia. Uji t dilakukan untuk mengetahu apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kinerja keuangan antara Bank Konvensional dan Bank Sharia. Hasil dari uji hipotesis dan regresi berganda tesebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan CAR, ROA, ROE, efisiensi laba diantara Bank Konvensional dan Bank Sharia. Kata kunci: kinerja keuangan, efisiensi bank, SFA, bank konvensional, bank syariah. INTRODUCTION It has been almost a quarter of century since the first sharia bank was established. Sharia banks not only have big expansion in Muslim countries, but also in Non-Muslim countries. Some people choose sharia banks because of the differences between conventional banks and sharia banks. Actually there are not many differences between them but, the main reason why people choose sharia banks is because there is no riba system like in conventional banks. In the discussion of banking in Indonesia, it is important to analyze the performance. Performance represents the condition of the bank, it represents whether the management of the bank can run the operational well or not. It is important for banks to measure their performance in order to be able to improve its service to satisfy the customers. There are several ways to assess bank’s performance. Performance evaluation is an important tool to assess the success of any business including sharia financial institution. In the performance evaluation, setting the bench mark is vital in order to make comparison between the desired and the actual performance. In 1979, the use of the CAMEL factors in evaluating a bank’s financial health has become well known among regulators. Piyu (1992) stated that financial ratios are often used to measure the overall financial sound of a bank and the quality of its management. Bank regulators, for example, use financial ratios to evaluate a bank’s performance as a part of the CAMELS system. CAMELS system consists of Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to market risk. An overall composite CAMELS rating, which is ranging from one to five is then developed from this evaluation. As a whole, the CAMELS rating, which is determined after an on-site examination, provides a means to categorize banks based on their overall health, financial status, and management. Another important aspect in measuring performance and competition in banking industries is efficiency. Efficiency is improved by reducing cost in production process or by increasing revenue. If there is a rapid change of financial structure, we have to identify the fund efficiency and revenue. Banks which is more efficient is hoped to be able to derive maximum profit and give better service quality for costumer. One of the ways to measure the efficiency of a bank is by using parametric approach with Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) through alternative profit efficiency. SFA has an advantage, which is it is able to compare other measurement methods that involve disturbance term. Disturbance term is representing disturbances, measurement error and exogenous shocks beyond the control, environment variables which are easily treated, possibility to conduct hypothesis testing by using statistical test, and ease in identifying the outliers. SFA efficiency value range is between 0 and 1. If the value of SFA equals to 1, it means that the bank’s performance is efficient. Meanwhile, if the value of SFA equals to 0, it means that the bank’s performance is inefficient. Banks’ efficiency is also needed as an important indicator to analyze bank’s performance and as a tool to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy. Generally, there are 3 basic concepts of efficiency model in banking sector. They are cost efficiency, standard profit efficiency, and alternative profit efficiency. PREVIOUS RESEARCH Islamic Banks Sole (2007) on his journal entitled Introducing Islamic Banks into Conventional Banking System. From his journal, can be concluded that over the last decade, Islamic banking has experienced global growth rates of 10-15 percent per annum. It has been moving into an increasing number of conventional financial systems at such a rapid pace that Islamic financial institutions are present today in over 51 countries. Despite this consistent growth, many supervisory authorities and finance practitioners remain unfamiliar with the process by which Islamic banks are introduced into a conventional system. Banks Performance Wirnkar (2008) on his journal entitled CAMELs and Banks Performance Evaluation: The Way Forward, said that the findings revealed the inability of each factor in CAMEL to capture the wholistic performance of a bank. Also revealed, was the relative weight of importance of the factors in CAMEL which resulted to a call for a change in the acronym of CAMEL to CLEAM. In addition, the best ratios in each of the factors in CAMEL were identified. For example, the best ratio for Capital Adequacy was found to be the ratio of total shareholders’ fund to total risk weighted assets. The paper concluded that no one factor in CAMEL suffices to depict the overall performance of a bank. Among other recommendations, banks’ regulators are called upon to revert to the best identified ratios in CAMEL when evaluating banks performance. Banks Efficiency Majid (2010) in his journal entitled Efficiency in Islamic and Conventional Banking: An International Comparison, can be concluded that he was with Saal and Battisti investigated the efficiency of a sample of Islamic and conventional banks in 10 countries that operate Islamic banking for the period 1996-2002, using an output distance function approach. They obtain measures of efficiency after allowing for environmental influences such as country macroeconomic conditions, accessibility of banking services and bank type. While these factors are assumed to directly influence the shape of the technology, we assume that country dummies and bank size directly influence technical inefficiency. The parameter estimates highlight that during the sample period, Islamic banking appears to be associated with higher input usage. Correlation between banks performance and banks efficiency Kosmidou (2008) on his journal entitled Measurement of Bank Performance in Greece can be conclu ded that banks have been forced to be more competitive and to implement bank rating systems to evaluate their financial risks. The present study evaluates the performance and efficiency of the commercial and cooperative banks in Greece for the period 2003-2004. The results obtained indicate that commercial banks are tending to increase their accounts, to attract more customers and ameliorate their financial indices, thereby becoming more competitive and maximizing their profits. Concerning the cooperative banks in Greece, the conclusions are not so uniform, since there are banks that are enjoying considerably increased profits and market shares, and others whose financial indices seem to be deteriorating. RESEARCH METHOD Type of Study This research use secondary data which gathered from several sources such as website of Bank Indonesia, website of each banks and contain all information needed. Then, the data analyzed by using SPSS. Population and Sample The populations in this research are conventional banks and sharia banks. Meanwhile, the samples are the banks (11 conventional banks and 11 sharia banks) listed in Bank Indonesia which have been published their financial report from 2008-2011. Research Variables In this study, the dependent variable is SFA (Stochastic Frontier Approach) while the independent variables are CAR, ROA, ROE, NPL, LDR, receivables, third party fund, placement in Bank Indonesia and other banks, and issued capital & fully paid capital. ANALYSIS Classical Assumption Test Multicollinearity Test: The result showed that all of the independent variables used in this research have tolerance value greater than 0.10 and VIF less than 10. Thus, , independent variables are free from multicollinearity symptoms or there is no multicollinearity among the independent variables. Autocorrelation Test: Based on the result of Durbin Watson test, it is known that Durbin Watson value is 1.368 which is between -2 to 2. It means that there is no autocorrelation in the regression model. Heteroscedasticity Test: The graph scatter plot shown that that there is no clear pattern and the points spread above or below the number 0. Then, it can be stated that there is no heterocedasticity. The result of T-Test The independent t-test result obtained for CAR is -2.329, with the probability of 0.022 which less than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the first hypothesis in this study which states that â€Å"There is significant difference in CAR between conventional and sharia banks in Indonesia† is supported. The independent t-test results obtained for NPL is 1.494, with the probability of 0.139 which is greater than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the second hypothesis in the study which states that â€Å"There is significant difference in NPL between conventional and sharia banks in Indonesia† is not supported. The independent t-test results obtained for ROA is 2.278 with a probability of 0.025 which is less than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the third hypothesis which states that â€Å"There is significant difference in ROA between conventional and sharia banks in Indonesia† is supported. The independent t-test results obtained for ROE is 4.040 with the probability of 0.000 which less than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the fourth hypothesis in the study which states that â€Å"There is significant difference in ROE between conventional and sharia banks in Indonesia† is supported. The independent t-test results obtained for LDR is -1.275 with the probability of 0.206 which is greater than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the fifth hypothesis which states that â€Å"There is significant difference in LDR between conventional and sharia banks in Indonesia† is not supported. The independent t-test results obtained for efficiency ratio (SFA) is 4.345 with the probability of 0.000 which is less than ÃŽ ±=0.05. Thus, the sixth research hypothesis which states that â€Å"There is efficiency difference between conventional banks and sharia banks in Indonesia† is supported. Multiple Regression analysis result The equation is as follows: SFA = 0,368 – 0,001CAR + 0,071NPL + 0,022ROA + 0,008ROE + 0,001LDR + 0,002REC + 0,00018PBI + 0,00004TPF + 0,002ISSUED + ÃŽ µ The the relationship between bank’s performance and bank’s efficiency is indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (R) which is equal to 0.674. This means that there is a strong relation ship between the bank’s performance and bank’s efficiency. To clarify whether the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables are significant or not, it can be tested with the F test. The test showed that F value is 7.213 with the probability 0.000 which is less than ÃŽ ±=0.05. This shows that the Sig F is smaller than the 0.05 value thus, the performance of banks as measured by CAR, NPL, ROA, ROE, LDR, receivable, placement with Bank Indonesia and other banks, third parties fund, and issued capital and fully paid capital are simultaneously related to the efficiency of banks. Thus, the seventh hypothesis which stated that â€Å"There is influence between bank’s performance and bank’s efficiency† is supported. CLOSING Conclusion Based on the result of data processing, there are some conclusions: 1. There is significant difference between sharia banks and conventional banks in terms of CAR. This study finds that sharia banks’ CAR is greater than conventional banks. 2. There is no significant difference of financial performance between sharia banks and conventional banks in terms of the NPL ratio. This means that NPL in sharia banks are equal to conventional banks, which all banks have NPLs below 5%. 3. There is significant difference between sharia banks and conventional banks in terms of ROA. The difference that occur shows that the conventional banks’ ROA is higher than sharia banks which means that the ability of conventional banks in earning profit based on the owned asset is higher than sharia banks’. 4. There is significant difference between the profitability performances of sharia banks and conventional banks in terms of ROE. The difference that occurs shows that conventional banks’ ROE is higher than sharia banks. It means tha t the ability of conventional banks in earning profit based on the owned equity is higher than sharia banks. 5. There is no significant difference in the performance of banks on LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio). This means the liquidity of sharia banks and conventional banks are equal. 6. There is significant difference in bank efficiency between sharia banks and conventional banks in terms of SFA. In this case, conventional banks are more efficient compare to sharia banks because their SFA value is higher compare to sharia banks’. 7. Banks’ performance has influence on banks’ efficiency. This means that the higher performance of the bank, the more efficient the bank in conducting its operations. Among all of the performance ratios, they are NPL and ROE that have significant influence on efficiency. Meanwhile for the CAR, ROA, LDR, Receivable, Placement with Bank Indonesia and other Banks, Third Parties Fund, and Capital Issued does not have significant influence on bank’s efficiency. Research Limitation This research focused on comparing conventional bank and sharia bank on the basis of financial performance by using CAEL only, because the data used is just financial ratio and effectiveness using SFA. The financial performance and effectiveness can be assessed by analyzing the annual report published by Bank Indonesia. This research uses annual reports from 2008 to 2011 and quarterly data, taken from 11 sharia Banks and 11 well known conventional banks. Recommendations Some suggestions for the future research on this topic based on the limitation that researcher found are mentioned as follows: 1. For Sharia Banks, this research found that sharia banks have lower profitability ratio and efficiency compare to conventional banks. Thus, the researcher would like to recommend sharia banks to increase those ratios by minimizing bank’s operational costs, improving the market to get more customer through innovative sharia products. 2. For Conventional Banks, this research found that conventional banks have lower capital aspect compare to sharia banks. Thus, they need to reduce credit risk by improving credit management in order to reduce the value of risk-weighted assets (RWA). 3. For Banks in general, to improve the efficiency of the bank’s performance, banks should improve the overall performance, both from the capital, assets, management, earnings and liquidity 4. For the Future Researchers, this study uses only five ratios in measuring the bank’s financial performance, the future researchers should use more ratios to measure performance. REFERENCES Abustan. (2009). Analisa Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Sharia dengan Perbankan Konvensional, Retrieved December 24, 2012, from : http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:_eUXttjW3VgJ:www.gunadara.ac.id/librar y/articles/graduate/economy/2009 Alphonsius, W. & Tanko, M. (June 24, 2008). CAMELs and Banks Performance Evaluation: The Way Forward. Social Science Research Network. Retrieved April 15, 2012, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1150968 Endang Sumachdar and Hariandy Hasbi. (2010). Financial Performance Analysis for Islamic Rural Bank to Third Party Funds and The Comparation with Conventional Rural Bank in Indonesia. International Conference on Business and Economics Research. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from http://www.ipedr.com/vol1/67G00011.pdf Mohd, I., Mazlina, N.,